Is ice a rock?

I was asked this question recently, and my initial answer was “I don’t think so.” To investigate deeper, we need to figure out what a rock is: A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter. (USGS) So it looks like we need to figure out what…

Rabbit hole: New Concepts in Global Tectonics

The New Concepts in Global Tectonics (NCGT) Journal is a pseudoscience publication imitating an academic journal since 1996. Their motto is “accept nothing on authority,” referring of course to the authority of peer reviewed scientific consensus. They publish work largely from “independent researchers,” in other words individuals with no institutional affiliation and potentially no relevant…